Many publicly-listed companies pay what is known as ‘dividends’ to their investors. Dividend investing is popular among traders as it gives them two potential sources of profits: guaranteed income via dividend payments & long-term capital appreciation. Short-term traders look to dividend investing as was to earn quick profits from dividend-paying stocks by employing dividend capture strategies.
In this guide, you’ll learn:
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In simple terms, a dividend comprises sharing a portion of the corporation’s profits with its shareholders. Typically paid out as cash, they are often drawn out from a company’s earnings and distributed on a per-share basis in periodic time intervals (usually monthly, quarterly, or annually).
Besides cash, the other methods of distributing profits could be stock dividends, the option to choose between cash or stock or the choice to buy additional shares along with the dividends. Dividend distribution comes under the purview of the board of directors of a corporation and once its approved, common shareholders are generally eligible to receive them.
Many day traders are only interested in holding a dividend stock long enough to receive the payout. This short-term dividend strategy is what’s commonly referred to as the ‘dividend capture'. Short-term traders use the dividend capture strategy as an easy, straightforward method of producing income with limited exposure to capital losses.
The Dividend Capture Strategy is a two-trade system that allows investors to benefit from a stock’s dividend without encountering the risks involved when holding shares for an extended period of time. It is an active income-focused stock trading strategy which is popular with day and swing traders.
In any market, the longer an asset is held, the greater the potential it has to fall in value. Unlike most traditional trades in equities (where stock is held until its share price generates a profit), the central purpose of the dividend capture strategy is to receive a dividend payment and quickly exit the position.
In practice, a dividend capture strategy requires an investor to buy shares of stock just before its ex-dividend date. This allows an investor to ‘capture' the dividend and then immediately sell the stock once the dividend payment is made. In many cases, the shares of the underlying stock are held for just a single day.
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If you are new to dividend investing or are looking to build dividend capture strategies, it’s important for you to understand some of the key dates along the dividend timeline:
The date on which the Board of Directors go ahead and announce their decision to make a dividend payment. The announcement would also include a record date and a dividend payment date. Larger companies tend to announce their dividends in conjunction with quarterly earnings reports or through separate press releases.
The cut-off date for eligibility to receive the stock’s dividend payment. Traders utilising the dividend capture strategy must buy the stock before the ex-dividend date. Anyone buying the stock after the ex-dividend date won’t be entitled to receive the upcoming dividend payment. It is also the day when the stock price adjusts for dividend payments and could witness a drop in prices.
On this date, the company records all the shareholders that are eligible to receive dividends. Investors who purchased the dividend-paying stock before the ex-dividend date are entitled to dividends. In the UK, it is typically a Friday.
The payment date is generally a few weeks after the record date. All investors who owned the stock before the ex-dividend date would receive the dividend on this date. If it is cash dividends, they would either receive a cheque or the money credited to their investment account. Likewise, in the case of stock dividends, the additional shares would be deposited into their investment account.
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Some businesses in recognised markets with predictable cash flow could choose to pay consistent dividends to attract long-term investors. However, as an investor, you should analyse some of the key criteria to understand the sustainability of dividend stocks, especially if you are a beginner.
Here are a few of the key things to look at:
The dividend yield is the annual dividend to the share price, expressed as a percentage. Just as you calculate interest on your deposits, dividend yields are an efficient way to compute the annual percentage returns on the stock. However, since they are inversely proportional to the share price, the yields could oscillate wildly.
For example, f a company offers a dividend of $2 a year for a stock trading at $100, the dividend yield is $2/$100 = 2%.
The dividend payout ratio is the amount of dividend paid as a proportion of the company’s net income. In simpler terms:
Dividend payment Ratio (DPR) = Dividend Paid/ Net Income
You can also calculate the dividend payment ratio on an individual share:
DPR = dividend per share/ earnings per share (EPS)
For example, if a company’s net income is $2 billion and it pays a dividend of $500 million, the Dividend Payout Ratio = $500 million/$2 billion = 25%.
Depending on the jurisdiction you live in, there could be a dividend tax on the dividend income you receive from a corporation. In the UK, the dividend tax does not apply to the first £2,000 you receive.
Besides, if your entire income is from investments, the dividend tax becomes effective only if you exceed £12,500 in the tax-free personal allowance. However, once you exceed the dividend and the tax-free personal allowance, your tax rate on dividends would be as follows:
Tax Band | Tax Rate* |
---|---|
Basic Rate | 7.5% |
Higher Rate | 32.5% |
Additional Rate | 38.1% |
*On dividends over allowance
One of the most important secrets to success when implementing the dividend capture strategy is to diversify the stocks you choose as part of a short-term trading portfolio.
Why is diversification so important? Diversification can help protect you from macroeconomic ‘shocks' that might occur in certain areas of the market. These trends can have a tremendous influence on the profitability performances of any dividend capture strategy.
When you are selecting stocks as part of this technique, you must also focus on company-specific elements that make the stock suitable for inclusion:
Traders might also consider buying exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and high-yielding stocks of foreign companies offered on the major European and U.S. trading exchanges as a way of finding additional opportunities to generate income.
While, on the surface, the dividend capture strategy may look straightforward and profitable, it does have its own pros and cons you need to be aware of:
Suppose company ABC is willing to pay a dividend of $2 a share and the share price one day before the ex-dividend date is at $100.
A trader buys 1000 shares of the company for $100,000 ($100*1,000).
Theoretically, ABC should open at $98 on the Ex-dividend Date. However, in practice, that does not always happen due to market conditions and other factors, which is basically the reason for employing the dividend capture strategy.
If the stock opens at $99, the trader sells the stock and collects $1,000 ($1*1,000) on the Payment Date, a few days later.
This is an example of a profitable dividend capture strategy.
On the other hand, if stock prices open at $97.50 on the Ex-dividend Date, the trader could end up incurring losses. To overcome this risk from adverse price movements, some sell ‘In the money call options’ or buy ‘In the money puts.’
Advanced traders will also find ways to generate greater returns by selling options that profit when share prices fall on the ex-dividend date. One of the most popular options strategies used in these instances is the Covered Call, which is an approach that can benefit from the initial declines typically seen in share prices following the ex-dividend date.
This is one of the few investment strategies available in the financial market that is capable of producing investment income from multiple sources (specifically, from the dividend payout and from the option sale).
Since share price activity tends to be negative (or sideways) during the trading sessions that follow the ex-dividend date, Covered Call options can provide a powerful profit enhancement to any dividend capture strategy.
Additionally, announcements of special dividends can increase overall profitability when compared to dividend returns that can be captured through normally scheduled dividend payouts.
This is because special dividends offer one-off dividend payments that are structured differently (and tend to be much greater) than the regular dividends made available on a monthly or quarterly basis.
This elevated dividend yield helps balance brokerage fees and share price fluctuations often seen in the market during the periods that follow a stock’s ex-dividend date.
Dividend capture is a timing-oriented investment strategy focused on buying and selling dividend-paying stocks. The strategy involves buying a stock just before its ex-dividend date to capture the dividend, then selling it on or after the ex-dividend date.
Yes. The purpose of the dividend capture strategy is to buy the stock one day before the ex-dividend date and sell it on that date. The reason is that you expect to make quick profits by anticipating the stock adjustment price + the transaction cost to be less than the dividend received.
You can hold the stock for just two business days and still be eligible to receive dividends. All you have to do is buy the stock at least one day before the ex-dividend date. On the other hand, the dividend payout occurs on the dividend payment date, which could be a few days to a couple of weeks from the ex-dividend date.
No, you would not receive dividends if you buy a stock on the ex-dividend date or later. Instead, the seller receives the dividend. To be eligible for dividends, you have to buy the stock at least one day before the ex-dividend date.
If you sell a stock on the ex-dividend day or later, you are still qualified to receive dividends. The stock exchange rules designate the record date one day after the ex-dividend date, and according to the company’s books, all shareholders in possession of the company’s stock on the record date are eligible for dividends.
Yes, as long as an investor bought the stock before the ex-dividend date, even with a slight loss due to the price fall, a trader still captures a substantial portion of the dividend.
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